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Base64 is a binary-to-text transformation mechanism that converts arbitrary bytes into a limited set of printable ASCII characters. It does not encrypt or compress data. Instead, it represents binary content in a textual form so it can safely pass through systems designed primarily for text.

In this article, you’ll find Base64 encoding explained from a technical and practical perspective: how it works at the bit level, why it increases size by roughly 33%, and where it should (and should not) be used.